软土隧道岩体参数正交反演分析

岩体参数是影响隧道安全性分析的关键因素,参数的确定往往依借助于现场监测数据和数值模拟手段。文章依托隧道多点位移计现场监测数据和有限元数值计算,以误差平方和为目标函数,提出了参数正交反演分析方法,与其它方法相比,该方法具有较高的精度和效率。计算结果表明,以围岩位移为基准的参数正交反演分析方法是可行的,研究结果可供同类地下工程施工和设计参考。     

舰船静力学性能考核评价指标及考核能力需求初探

从舰船静力学性能的原理出发,总结现有水面舰船浮性、稳性、不沉性考核标准,开展舰艇平台浮性、稳性、不沉性考核方法研究,对现有考核方法进行归纳梳理,分析考核典型舰船平台静水力学性能的基本能力要求,提出靶场考核装备建设需求,对拓展靶场职能使命,提升新形势下靶场试验考核能力具有实际的意义。     

铁路既有繁忙干线货运产品布局优化模型及算法

采用节点拆分的方式构建了既有繁忙干线货运产品网络，在此基础上按运输需求的特征对其分类并借鉴服务网络设计的思想，设计了既有繁忙干线铁路货运产品布局优化模型，采用免疫克隆变邻域搜索算法对模型进行求解，最后采用算例对模型和算法进行验证分析，测试结果表明模型和算法具有较好的适用性．     

A new efficient EDI system for container cargo logistics

There have been many efforts to develop a logistics information system in the Korean logistics industry. In spite of these efforts, there are many points which need improvement in the Logistics Information System, of which function is the electronic data communication without added value. This paper aims to describe some of the main problems and the successful factors which are being found in the evolution of the present EDI systems for clearing import/export container cargoes, with special reference to Singapore, Korea, and Japan. Following this, leaving legal issues aside, to suggest workable guidelines for designing a new efficient EDI system for container cargo logistics. As a result of the review, the following successful factors are drawn: (a) the planning, requirement analysis and design of EDI are critical, as it provides a framework for its implementation; (b) as the data of customs clearance are an integral part of a logistics EDI system, the inclusion of customs in the system design is essential; (c) the sharing system of cargo data as the framework of the logistics EDI is efficient for data interchange; (d) the EDI software for the user has been developed and provided by an EDI network operating company; and (e) to facilitate communication between trading partners and the transport sector, it is necessary to adopt a global message standard, such as EDIFACT.     

Turning Off the Heat: Impacts of Power Plant Decommissioning on Green Turtle Research in San Diego Bay

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are among the most high profile species in San Diego Bay, California, and understanding impacts of coastal development and industry is essential to the management and conservation of this local population. Here we describe power plant changing energy production and its impact on turtle habitat use and our ability to research and manage this population. For over 20 years, green sea turtles have been captured, assessed, and tagged near the South Bay Power Plant (SBPP) in the San Diego Bay; from 2002–2011, 104 turtles were captured on 212 occasions. As the 50-year-old SBPP generates less energy, effluent patterns change and water temperatures decrease, presumably to more natural conditions. There has been a concurrent decrease in turtle-capture success, perhaps due to lesser visitation to the effluent site where nets are tended. Seasonal catch-per-unit-effort declined from a high of 4.14 turtles per monitoring day, to a nine-year low of 1.33 during the 2010–2011 season. It is already apparent that management decisions related to energy policy are affecting the habitat and behavior of this stock of endangered turtles. Green turtles are expected to remain in the San Diego Bay after the SBPP becomes inoperative and continuing research will monitor future impacts and distribution shifts resulting from the expected changes in thermal pattern within south San Diego Bay. Research efforts to study this population (i.e., capture methods and locations) will require modification in response to these changes. Lessons learned here are applicable to the immediate coastal development of San Diego, as well as at similar interactions between marine turtles and industrial thermal effluent discharge throughout Southern California, the United States, and beyond.     

生物质焦油裂解催化剂的微观结构与催化特性的关联性研究

借助自制的两级固定床热解装置、气相色谱分析仪以及扫描电镜(SEM)等设备,在热解温度700℃、催化裂解温度700～900℃的条件下,以特种焦、白云石、高铝质多孔熟料为催化剂研究了生物质焦油裂解催化剂的微观结构与催化特性之间的关联性.研究工作以锯末为生物质原料,以过热水蒸汽为气化剂.研究结果表明:催化剂的微观结构与其催化特性具有很强的关联性.从微观结构看,特种焦的特征是:孔隙率高,比表面积大,孔径分布广；白云石则具有不规则裂隙以及不规则鳞片状晶体表面的特征；而高铝质多孔熟料具有裂隙相对规则、晶粒表面相对平滑的特征.实验数据表明:三者在生物质焦油转化率、产气率、产气成分、气体热值等方面均有明显的差异.     

Book reviews

Coastal Resources Management: Beyond Market and Bureaucracy by Robert B. Ditton, John L. Seymour, and Gerald C. Swanson. Published by D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Massachusetts, 1977, 191 pp., 6 figures.

The Urban Sea: Long Island Sound by Lee E. Koppelman, Peter K. Weyl, M. Grant Gross, and DeWitt S. Davies. Published by Praeger Publishers, 1976. 209 pp., 81 figures, 42 tables.     

Coastal Management and Economic Development in Developed Nations: The Forth Estuary Forum

This article considers the issue of economic development as a component of coastal management initiatives in developed countries, focusing on the Forth Estuary Forum as a case study. The evolution of coastal management into integrated coastal management is briefly considered, as is the context of the Scottish coastal management system and a brief discussion of the variations between the different legal systems within the UK. The current hurdles to economic development and the views of developers and economic agencies being considered in the coastal management process itself are highlighted, illustrating the process of integration and the current voluntary regime in the UK, particularly in the Forth Estuary Forum. The article concludes that economic development issues must be taken seriously if coastal management is to be integrated and inclusive.     

Initiatives in Philippine Coastal Management: An Overview

Standardized and free-format questionnaires on the state of coastal management were fielded to coastal management practitioners during three workshops and a national feedback and recommendation workshop. The most commonly cited responses were identified for each of 13 political regions and overall trends were identified. Management frameworks frequently included research, community organizing, education, livelihood, resource enhancement, resource protection, regulation, and networking components. Gender issues, documentation, and infrastructure investment were rare. The most commonly perceived environmental problem was illegal/ destructive fishing and its associated overfishing and low fish catch. The most commonly cited socioeconomic problem was the inadequacy of law enforcement. The best monitored variables were usually those related to environmental management: status and change of habitats, resources, and degree of enforcement/patrolling activities. The most common nonregulatory enhancement, aside from environmental education (which is the most popular), was mangrove reforestation. In terms of regulations, the majority of the respondents have reportedly formulated an integrated coastal management plan. In practice, regulating destructive and illegal fishing practices and then the establishment of fish sanctuaries are the next most implemented. The most popular quality-of-life enhancement strategies focused on the improvement of sustainable fishing as a livelihood and on a variety of supplementary livelihoods. The most usual institutional intervention being implemented was the setting up of local community people's organizations. Major factors which may influence success or failure of coastal management and recommendations on research, community organizing and livelihood, legislation and policies, implementation and coordination, and networking are also summarized.